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List of studies

Peer reviewed articles provide the basis for the calculations presented in the PTSD Treatment Decision Aid. The articles used are included below by treatment type.

Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

  1. Bohus M, Kleindienst N, Hahn C, et al. Dialectical behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (DBT-PTSD) compared with cognitive processing therapy (CPT) in complex presentations of PTSD in women survivors of childhood abuse: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Jul 22;22:22. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2148. PMID: 32697288.
  2. ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2) :63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13.
  3. Pigeon WR, Crean HF, Cerulli C, et al. A randomized clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia to augment posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in survivors of interpersonal violence. Psychother Psychosom. 2022 Jan;91(1):50-62. doi: 10.1159/000517862. PMID: 34265777.
  4. Resick PA, Galovski TE, Uhlmansiek MOB, et al. A randomized clinical trial to dismantle components of cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in female victims of interpersonal violence. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2008 Apr;76(2):243-58. doi: 10.1037/ 0022-006X.76.2.243. PMID: 18377121
  5. Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270.
  6. Resick PA, Wachen JS, Dondanville KA, et al. Effect of group vs individual cognitive processing therapy in active-duty military seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017 Jan;74(1):28-36. PMID: 27893032.
  7. Schnurr PP, Chard KM, Ruzek JI, et al. Comparison of prolonged exposure vs cognitive processing therapy for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among US Veterans: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jan 4;5(1):e2136921. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36921. PMID: 35044471.
  8. Sloan DM, Marx BP, Lee DJ, et al. A brief exposure-based treatment vs cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized noninferiority clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 1;75(3):233-9. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4249. PMID: 29344631.

Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE)

  1. Morland L, Mackintosh MA, Glassman L, et al. Home-based delivery of variable length prolonged exposure therapy: a comparison of clinical efficacy between service modalities. 2019 Dec 24. doi: 10.1002/da.22979. PMID: 31872563.
  2. Popiel A, Zawadzki B, Praglowska E, et al. Prolonged exposure, paroxetine and the combination in the treatment of PTSD following a motor vehicle accident. A randomized clinical trial - the "TRAKT" study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;48:17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.01.002. PMID: 25677254.
  3. Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270.
  4. Schnurr PP, Chard KM, Ruzek JI, et al. Comparison of prolonged exposure vs cognitive processing therapy for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder among US Veterans: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jan 4;5(1):e2136921. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.36921. PMID: 35044471.
  5. Schnurr PP, Friedman MJ, Engel CC, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2007 Feb 28;297(8):820-30. doi: 10.1001/jama.297.8.820. PMID: 17327524.
  6. Shea MT, Krupnick JL, Sautter FJ, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing Interpersonal Psychotherapy with Prolonged Exposure for the treatment of PTSD in Veterans. J Anxiety Disord. 2023 Oct;99:102770. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102770. PMID: 37738685.
  7. Sloan DM, Marx BP, Acierno R, et al. Written exposure therapy vs prolonged exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;80(11):1093-100. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2810. PMID: 37610727
  8. van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833.

Eye Movement Desensitization & Reprocessing (EMDR)

  1. Nijdam MJ, Gersons BP, Reitsma JB, et al. Brief eclectic psychotherapy v. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2012 Mar;200(3):224-31. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.099234. PMID: 22322458.
  2. Sack M, Zehl S, Otti A, et al. A comparison of dual attention, eye movements, and exposure only during Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing for posttraumatic stress disorder: results from a randomized clinical trial. Psychother Psychosom. 2016;85(6) :357-65. doi: 10.1159/000447671. PMID: 27744424.
  3. van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar; 72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833.
  4. Van Vliet NI, Huntjens RJC, Van DMK, et al. Phase-based treatment versus immediate trauma-focused treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder due to childhood abuse: randomised clinical trial. BJPsych Open. 2021 Nov;7(6):e211. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2021.1057.

Written Exposure Therapy (WET)

  1. Sloan DM, Marx BP, Acierno R, et al. Written exposure therapy vs prolonged exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;80(11):1093-100. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.2810. PMID: 37610727
  2. Sloan DM, Marx BP, Lee DJ, et al. A brief exposure-based treatment vs cognitive processing therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized noninferiority clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 1;75(3):233-9. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4249. PMID: 29344631.

Medications

  1. ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13.
  2. Popiel A, Zawadzki B, Praglowska E, et al. Prolonged exposure, paroxetine and the combination in the treatment of PTSD following a motor vehicle accident. A randomized clinical trial - the "TRAKT" study. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;48:17-26. doi: 10. 1016/j.jbtep.2015.01.002. PMID: 25677254.

No Treatment

  1. ElBarazi A, Badary OA, Elmazar MM, et al. Cognitive Processing Therapy versus medication for the treatment of comorbid substance use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder in Egyptian patients (randomized clinical trial). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies. 2022;22(2):63-90. doi: 10.24193/jebp.2022.2.13.
  2. Resick PA, Nishith P, Weaver TL, et al. A comparison of cognitive-processing therapy with prolonged exposure and a waiting condition for the treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder in female rape victims. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002 Aug;70(4):867-79. PMID: 12182270.
  3. van den Berg DP, de Bont PA, van der Vleugel BM, et al. Prolonged exposure vs Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing vs waiting list for posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with a psychotic disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015 Mar;72(3):259-67. doi: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2637. PMID: 25607833.

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Through a series of questions about PTSD, your preferences, and your goals, you can design a treatment plan that is right for you. You will be able to save your plan and talk more about the options with your clinician.

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